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‘Ridhaa’: Contentment

All perfect praise is due to Allaah; I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah and that Muhammad is His Slave and Messenger; may Allaah send salutations upon him and exalt his mention, as well as his family and all his companions.

The word ‘Ridhaa’ has different meanings in the Arabic language, such as contentment, pleasure, approval, acceptance or satisfaction. It is one of the deeds of the heart, and when applied to man, it means that he should not dislike what Allaah Has decreed; when applied to Allaah, it means that Allaah is pleased with His slave due to him constantly adhering to His commands and refraining from His prohibitions.

The greatest level of this is when Allaah is pleased with His slave, which is the very state that a slave seeks, as Allaah says:

يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَاناً

which means: “…Seeking bounty from Allaah and [His[ pleasure…” [Al-Fath: 29]

One can note that the subject of contentment is addressed in many places in the Qur’aan:

· Allaah says regarding those striving to earn His pleasure:

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ رَؤُوفٌ بِالْعِبَاد

which means: “And of the people is he who sells himself, seeking means to the approval of Allaah. And Allaah is Kind to [His] servants.” [Al-Baqarah: 207] They are the people who trade their souls for Paradise by fighting Jihaad for the sake of Allaah, endeavouring to thereby attain His pleasure.

· Allaah also says:

وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ

which means: “And the example of those who spend their wealth seeking means to the approval of Allaah…” [Al-Baqarah: 265] They are the people who spend in charity and support the Mujaahideen as a reflection of their obedience to Allaah and their striving to earn His pleasure.

· Allaah says regarding those who act righteously, thereby aiming to earn His pleasure and contentment:

لا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ نَجْوَاهُمْ إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ إِصْلاحٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْراً عَظِيماً

which means: “No good is there in much of their private conversation, except for those who enjoin charity or that which is right or conciliate between people. And whoever does that seeking means to the approval of Allaah – then We are going to give him a great reward.” [An-Nisaa’: 114]

· Allaah Has accepted and approved of Islaam as a religion for the Muslim Nation, and thus, being a Muslim is one of the things that result in His pleasure. Allaah says:

الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْأِسْلامَ دِينا

which means: “…This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you and have approved for you Islaam as religion…” [Al-Maa’idah: 3] Meaning that He has accepted that people submit to Him and adhere to His commandments according to what He has legislated. The contentment of Allaah with a slave therefore means Him being pleased with him and accepting his deeds.

· Allaah says about the hypocrites who falsely swear to be believers:

يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ لِيُرْضُوكُمْ وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ

which means: “They swear by Allaah to you [Muslims] to satisfy you. But Allaah and His Messenger are more worthy for them to satisfy, if they should be believers.” [At-Tawbah: 62] If these hypocrites were truthful they would have pleased their Lord instead of trying to please other human beings like themselves.

· Allaah says about those who build mosques seeking His pleasure:

أَفَمَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى تَقْوَى مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٍ خَيْرٌ أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ

which means: “Then is the one who laid the foundation of his building on righteousness [with fear] from Allaah and [seeking] His approval better or one who laid the foundation of his building on the edge of a bank about to collapse, so it collapsed with him into the fire of Hell?...” [At-Tawbah: 109] Meaning that establishing a mosque upon piety and thereby seeking the pleasure of Allaah was better for these people.

· Allaah praised the poor amongst the Muhaajireen (i.e., those who migrated from Makkah to Madeenah) and the Ansaar (i.e., the residents of Madeenah) who left their wealth and homes for the sake of pleasing Allaah.

· Performing one’s religious obligations pleases Allaah, as Allaah says:

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ

which means: “The ones who have believed, emigrated and striven in the cause of Allaah with their wealth and their lives are greater in rank in the sight of Allaah. And it is those who are the attainers [of success].” [Tawbah: 20] And what was the result?

يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ *خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَداً إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

which means: “Their Lord gives them good tidings of mercy from Him and approval and of gardens for them wherein is enduring pleasure. [They will be] abiding therein forever. Indeed, Allaah has with Him a great reward.” [Tawbah: 21-22]

· Perseverance on the obedience and worship of Allaah results in Him being pleased with His slaves, as He says:

فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَى

which means: “So be patient over what they say and exalt [Allaah] with praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting; and during periods of the night [exalt Him] and at the ends of the day, that you may be satisfied.” [Taa Haa: 130]

· Allaah was pleased with the Companions, may Allaah be pleased with them, when they performed Jihaad for His sake and followed the commands of His Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam by protecting Islaam, propagating it and conveying it; Allaah says:

لَّقَدْ رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَـٰبَهُمْ فَتْحاً قَرِيباً

which means: “Certainly Allaah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest (i.e., That of Khaybar, which preceded the conquest of Makkah).” [Al-Fath: 18] Pleasure here is exchanged between Allaah and His slaves.

· On the Day of Resurrection, those who receive their record of deeds in their right hand will be content and pleased with their subsequent eternal life; Allaah says:

فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَيَقُولُ هَاؤُمُ اقْرَأوا كِتَابِيَهْ *إِنِّي ظَنَنْتُ أَنِّي مُلاقٍ حِسَابِيَهْ *فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَاضِيَةٍ

which means: “So as for he who is given his record in his right hand, he will say, ‘Here, read my record! Indeed, I was certain that I would be meeting my account.’ So he will be in a pleasant life” [Al-Haaqqah: 19-21]

· Pleasing Allaah is the loftiest goal of the prophets and the righteous; Allaah says:

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولاً نَبِيّاً *وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّلاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيّاً

which means: “And mention in the Book, Ismaa’eel. Indeed, he was true to his promise, and he was a messenger and a prophet. And he used to enjoin on his people prayer and Zakaah and was to his Lord pleasing [i.e., accepted by Him].” [Maryam 54-55] Also, why did Prophet Moosaa, peace be upon him, hasten to meet his Lord? Allaah tells us exactly why when He says:

وَمَا أَعْجَلَكَ عَنْ قَوْمِكَ يَا مُوسَى * قَالَ هُمْ أُولاءِ عَلَى أَثَرِي وَعَجِلْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَبِّ لِتَرْضَى

which means: “[Allaah said], And what made you hasten from your people, O Moosaa? He said, ‘they are close upon my tracks, and I hastened to You, my Lord, that You be pleased.’” [Taa Haa: 83-84] - He hastened to please his Lord.

· A slave should always be content with the decree of Allaah.

In the Sunnah there are many narrations which address the issue of contentment, such as:

· The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam informing us that Allaah is pleased with the slave who eats or drinks and thanks Allaah for what he has eaten.

· The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam informing us that Allaah is pleased with the slave who worships Him alone without ascribing partners with Him, and who holds on to His religion. He is also pleased when the Muslims unite as a Nation.

· The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam informing us that pleasing one’s parents pleases Allaah.

· The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam informing us that using the Siwaak (i.e., tooth stick) purifies the mouth and pleases Allaah.

· The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam informing us that if one enrages others for the sake of pleasing Allaah, then Allaah will become pleased with him and then make the people be pleased with him.

· The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam would supplicate saying: “O Allaah! I seek protection against Your Wrath in Your Pleasure.”

Having contentment is mandatory, as Shaykh Al-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said, and it has different levels:

Being content with Allaah as one’s Lord and Islaam as one’s religion and source of legislation is mandatory, and one who does not have such contentment is not considered a Muslim. Thus, one must have this minimum level of contentment. The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam said: “He who is content with Allaah as his Lord, Islaam as his religion and Muhammad as his Prophet, will taste the sweetness of faith.”

Allaah says:

وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ

which means: “If only they had been satisfied with what Allaah and His Messenger gave them and said, ‘Sufficient for us is Allaah…’” [At-Tawbah: 59]

We must also know what the Islaamic ruling is regarding being content with those matters that Allaah has prohibited. It is not permitted for one to be content with any of these prohibitions because they are things which do not please Allaah, and moreover, Allaah does not accept disbelief. One must be content with whatever Islaam has prohibited and refrain from it; he must also be content with whatever harm Allaah afflicts him with and thank Allaah for it.

Why should one thank Allaah for having afflicted him with harm?

· One must realise that Allaah Has perfected everything and that He is the All-Wise, and that He did not afflict him except by His wisdom.

· Allaah knows what is best for the slaves, and whatever He chooses for His slaves is better than whatever they could choose for themselves.

Going back to the narration in which the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam said: “He who is content with Allaah as his Lord, Islaam as his religion and Muhammad as his Prophet, will taste the sweetness of faith.” This is a great narration which we repeat as a part of our morning and evening invocations.

A Muslim must achieve the following three things:

· Being content with Allaah as one’s Lord; and that He is the One who creates, provides for one, controls his life and death, and that none has the right to be worshipped except Him. This also includes loving Allaah, fearing Allaah, having hope only in Allaah, humbling oneself only to Allaah, believing that He is the best of planners, relying on Him alone, and seeking only His help. One must also be content with the legislation of Allaah, such as, for example, the fact that He has decreed that adultery and fornication is prohibited, or that interest and usury is prohibited, or that being dutiful to parents is mandatory, or that Zakaah is obligatory, and so on.

· Being content with Muhammad sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam as one’s Prophet and Messenger; believing in him, completely following his commands and adhering to his Sunnah, and knowing that if he sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam were alive with us today, that one must protect him, even if it entails facing death in order to ransom him. This also includes rejection of everything other than his Sunnah as a reference and a source of legislation, along with the Qur’aan.

· Being content with Islaam as one’s religion; this entails not objecting or finding any discomfort within oneself to anything Islaamic, being willing to submit fully to Islaam, even in matters that may oppose one’s desires, and even if those around one disagree and make one feel isolated and estranged. Even if the enemies of Islaam unite against one, he must continue to be content and fulfil all the commands of Islaam.

The question now arises: is contentment something that one earns, or is it a favour that Allaah bestows upon whomever He pleases from amongst His slaves? Meaning, is it a part of man’s nature or something that he has to strive to achieve in his personality?

The answer is that it is something that one can work on in order to obtain. The fruit of relying on Allaah alone is reaching the state of being content; one achieves the high levels of contentment after he totally submits to Allaah and relies totally on Him, and this is why Allaah did not obligate this state of contentment upon His slaves, because not everyone can achieve it. Another fruit of being content with Allaah is that Allaah becomes pleased with such a slave, which is a wonderful state to achieve and is the way that leads to Paradise; moreover, it is one of the greatest deeds of the heart.

Yahyaa ibn Mu’aath, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said when answering a question about when a person is considered as content, he said; “He reaches the level of dealing with Allaah (and would therefore say to Him) as follows; O Lord! Whatever You give me, I will accept; whenever You deprive me (of anything), I will be content; If you call, I will respond.”

Being content is unlike hope or fear, because one continues obligated to have hope in Allaah and will fear him in this life, but once in Paradise, all this will disappear; However, as for contentment, then this continues in this life and in Paradise.

Does being content mean that one does not suffer pain when he is afflicted? Not necessarily, rather, the condition of being content only implies that one does not object to the decrees of Allaah. The following are examples proving this:

· A sick person accepts taking medicine, even though it may be bitter.

· A fasting person is content with his fasting and does it willingly, yet he suffers hunger and thirst whilst fasting, so does this thirst and hunger mean that he is discontent with his fasting, or that he dislikes it? No! Of course not!

· The Mujaahid who fights sincerely for the sake of Allaah is content with going to Jihaad and is courageous and convinced of what he is doing, but he still feels pain, exhaustion, sleepiness and the pain of his wounds.

Therefore, for one to be content, it is not a condition that he does not suffer from what he is content with whilst performing or experiencing it. On the other hand, some people who have reached a high level of faith enjoy such pain or suffering that accompanies what they are doing for the sake of Allaah, or which accompanies the decrees of Allaah.

Reaching the state of contentment requires three things:

· Ambition.

· Purifying one’s soul.

· Getting oneself accustomed to accepting anything that occurs, for this happens by the decree of Allaah.

This will become easy for the slave to do if he remembers his weakness and the power of Allaah; his ignorance and the knowledge of Allaah; his incapability and the capability of Allaah and that Allaah is All-Merciful, Kind and Compassionate. When one realises these things, he will be content with the decrees from Allaah, because he will then realise that Allaah knows what is best and chooses it for him; all the slave has to do is contemplate over what has afflicted him to realise that it is in his best interests, and this will enable him to be content.

Reaching the state of contentment is not a complicated matter, but how does one attain it?

It is attained by believing that whatever Allaah Has chosen and decreed for one is in one’s best interests; whether it is in the form of the death of one’s child, sickness, or being made redundant from work; but one will never know why such decrees are better for him rather than their opposite. For example, if one is poor, he will not know why it is better that Allaah does not provide him with more wealth. As a result, the slave will acknowledge his ignorance and believe that whatever Allaah chooses for him is better than what he desires for himself.

When one reaches the state of contentment, he may be earning more reward by this deed of the heart than many others who are striving in other acts of worship, but who have not reached this level. Thus, the deeds of the heart are vital, but this in no way means that one should not exert physical effort, rather, what we are saying is that others may perform more prayers, fasting, and pilgrimage, but without this contentment which they lack, one would be of a higher rank in the scale of Allaah than them.

But why is this so? It is because the deeds of the heart raise the rank of a person, in many cases, higher than the deeds of the limbs do. Abu Bakr, may Allaah be pleased with him, did not reach the highest rank amongst the Muslim Nation due to him being the most exertive in prayer, fasting and other acts of worship, but rather, it was due to the deeds of his heart.

There are different ranks of contentment:

· The lowest rank is being content with what Allaah has provided, which is a rank that most common people have.

· The next rank is being content with whatever Allaah has decreed and predestined.

· The highest rank is for one to be content with Allaah and the fact that He is sufficient for him, and not require any one else other than Him.

People differ regarding these ranks; one might be able to achieve one of them to the exclusion of the others; another person may only achieve a part of one of them, such as for example being content with what Allaah has decreed regarding his wife, but not his salary, or, he could persevere through the loss of money but not the death of a child. As for the one who is at the highest rank, he is the one who abandons anything that does not lead him to Allaah or His pleasure, whether it is entertainment, recreation, or any other permissible act, because he does not consider himself content and sufficed with Allaah if he busies himself with other than His pleasure. This is a special case for unique people who would do anything for Allaah, and who are conscious of Allaah in all that they do.

There are different types of contentment:

Being content with Allaah as one’s Lord and hating that anything else is worshipped besides Him, which is the type upon which Islaam revolves, and this is mandatory. One must only accept and be content with Allaah as his Lord, he cannot believe in Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism or anything else. He only resorts to Allaah for support and help. The extreme Soofees are deprived from this type because they resort to the dwellers of the graves for help and to suffice their needs, hoping that they (i.e., the dead) will accomplish for them that which only Allaah is capable of achieving.

One cannot accept any legislation other than that of Allaah, and thus if one claims that he accepts man-made law or legislation, then this entails not being content with Allaah as his Lord. This means that there are people who claim to be content with Allaah but whose actions contradict their claims, because accepting and being content with Allaah as one’s Lord means that one can only accept His legislation, as Allaah says:

إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ

which means: “…The decision is only for Allaah…” [Al-An’aam: 57] Others claim to be content with Muhammad sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam as their Prophet and Messenger but do not follow in his footsteps, while others befriend disbelievers, none of which reflects being content with Allaah, Muhammad sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam or Islaam.

Being content with Allaah as one’s Lord is higher in rank than being content with His decrees, even though one must have both, because a non-believer, for example, can be content with what Allaah has provided him with, but being content with Allaah as one’s Lord is something which only a believer can attain.

What is the Islaamic ruling regarding being content with the decree of Allaah?

There are two types of decrees; the first is related to rulings such as prayer, penal laws, and so on, which are matters that people can accept or reject; the second is related to matters such as death, sickness, poverty, rainfall, and so on, which people have no say in. To accept the first type is mandatory, and one is not a Muslim if he does not accept this. The second is of a higher rank or type which not everyone can achieve, but one must persevere through this type of decree even if he cannot reach the state of being content with it. There is a difference between perseverance and contentment, one who perseveres and refrains from uttering evil when afflicted is persevering, but if he is actually relaxed, happy and accepting of all that has befallen him, then he has achieved contentment.

Imaam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: “There are three types of contentment: (The first is) being content with having to perform acts of worship, and attaining this type (of contentment) is an act of worship in itself; (the second is) being content with afflictions, which comprises of two parts, one part is recommended and the other is mandatory, the mandatory part is in the form of perseverance and the recommended part is to be content with the affliction, which is the highest level that few can achieve; (the third is) being content with and accepting evil and sins, which is prohibited.”

What are the fruits of being content?

· It makes one pleased with Allaah, which enables one to achieve the state of servitude.

· It results in attaining the pleasure of Allaah.

· It calms the heart, removes sadness and grief, and provides tranquillity.

· It protects one from disobeying Allaah, such as the repulsive reaction of Satan, who was discontent with the command of Allaah to prostrate to Prophet Aadam, peace be upon him. This means that the modern day hypocrites, who do not accept the ruling of Allaah regarding Ribaa (i.e., interest and usury) or the ruling on Hijaab (i.e., Islaamic attire for women) or polygamy, are discontent with the legislation of Allaah.

· It makes one experience the justice of his Lord. Allaah is just even in punishment, for example His decree that the hand of a thief must be amputated.

· It clears one’s heart from envy, and causes dealings to be free of cheating or fraud.

· It causes one to trust the wisdom and knowledge of Allaah regarding decrees and thus become submissive to the decrees of Allaah, regardless of what they are. This is unlike those who are discontent and persist in asking about the wisdom behind things that happen to them which they dislike, and this usually leads to them doubting Allaah.

· It makes one thankful to Allaah and appreciate His favours.

· It makes one say only that which pleases Allaah, contrary to discontentment, which makes one disapprove and perhaps even curse Allaah (Glory be to Him). It also prevents one from following his desires trying to satisfy them.

· It causes others to be pleased with the content person.

· It causes one to attain more favours that he did not even ask for or supplicate for.

· It frees one’s heart from anything other than worship and makes him focused during it.

· Its reward is continuous, unlike the deeds of the limbs which finish with the conclusion of the deed itself.

· It prevents one from feeling sorry for failing to attain something he liked or desired.

Discontentment is a result of one of two things:

· Missing out on something that one likes and wishes to happen.

· Hating something that occurred.

Does contentment contradict supplicating for something that one wishes or hopes for? No, because those who supplicate please Allaah by doing so.

Is it discontentment to supplicate to Allaah to remove a hardship? No, because Allaah Has commanded us to supplicate to Him in all situations.

Does crying over a deceased beloved person contradict contentment? Shaykh-Al Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah said: “Crying over a dead person due to mercy in one’s heart is recommended and does not contradict contentment, unlike crying with grief due to his departure.” This is what the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam did when his son Ibraaheem died; he cried but was content.

People are of four types:

· Some are patient but too aggressive, devoid of mercy.

· Some are too merciful, or soft, which makes them collapse at the first hardship.

· Some combine between being too aggressive and gutless.

· Some are patient and merciful, which is the praised condition of the believer.

One must know that pleasing others is an impossible task, due to two reasons:

· It is simply impossible to please people by giving them all they wish or demand.

· We are commanded to please Allaah and obey His Messenger sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, and not the people.

How was the situation of the Salaf, may Allaah have mercy upon them, regarding this topic?

· Abu Ad-Dardaa’, may Allaah be pleased with him, said: “Allaah likes that His slave is content with whatever He decrees upon him.”

· Ibn ‘Abbaas, may Allaah be pleased with him, said: “Allaah is just and fair and Has thus made happiness lie in contentment and certainty in Allaah, (while He) made grief and sorrow lie in doubt and discontentment.”

· ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattaab, may Allaah be pleased with him, wrote to Abu Moosaa, may Allaah be pleased with him, saying: “All good lies in contentment, so if you can achieve this state then do so. Otherwise, persevere.”

· Maymoon ibn Mahraan, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: “He who is discontent with the decree of Allaah has no cure for his stupidity.”

From islamav.com